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Salpigectomy
A surgical procedure performed to remove fallopian tubes. It is done in ectopic
pregnancies and severe PID.
Salpigotomy
An operation to open the fallopian tube, remove its contents and repair the
surface. It is done through a key-hole surgery. It helps to save the fallopian
tube.
Salpingitis
Inflammation of fallopian tubes. It can occur in PID
Secondary infertility
The term used if the woman has previously conceived. If there has been no
conception in current relationship, it is called primary infertility in that
relationship. The chances of conception are improved if there has been a
previous conception from the relationship.
Semen
Fluid ejaculated from the penis. This fluid is produced by the prostate, seminal
vesicles and other small glands called ‘Cowper’s glands. It contains several million sperm, white cells, prostaglandins and
fructose.
SFA
Sperm function Test. It involves a detailed analysis of semen and sperm.
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Shared egg donation
A licensed fertility treatment where a woman voluntarily shares some of her eggs
with an anonymous recipient during an IVF cycle.
SHBG
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin. Its levels are checked in blood in PCOS. Low
levels indicate increased free male hormone levels in blood.
Sonography
The term used for ultrasound scanning.
Spatula
An instrument which has a blunt surface (blade).It is used to sample cells in
smear tests.
Speculum
An instrument used to pass in the vagina to examine the cervix and vaginal
walls. It is used in smear tests and procedures and fertility treatment
procedures such as IUI and ET. It gives a stretchy feeling in the vagina and
can be uncomfortable.
Sperm
Male gamete. It looks like a tadpole. The head of sperm contains genetic
material and chemicals required for fertilization. The tail facilitates
movement. Abnormalities in sperm shape (morphology) may lead to fertilization
problems.
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Sperm preparation
Sperm washing techniques used in IVF laboratory to optimize the sperm quality
and prepare a sterile sample for insemination
Spermatid
An immature sperm cell
STD
Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Some infections such as gonorrhea and Chlamydia
can lead to infertility. If diagnosed, both partners must be treated. The use
of condoms protect against STDs.
Stem cell
A cell that is capable of producing all specialized cells. It occurs in many
tissues and organs. An embryonic stem cell is taken from the embryo and is
capable for differentiating into all types of cells.
Sterilisation
A surgical procedure performed to prevent conception. In women, fallopian tubal
ligation is used and in men vasectomy is carried out.
Sterility
Total inability to reproduce
Stroma
The connective tissue in an organ. The central tissue in the ovary is called
stroma. It is thick in PCO and PCOS.
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Subfertility
The term used to describe delay in conceiving.
Superovulation
The method used to ripen more eggs in fertility treatments. Tablets or
injections are used
Surrogate
A woman who becomes pregnant by insemination of the sperm of an infertile woman’s partner or by the transfer of embryos created by an infertile couple. She
gives the baby away to the couple immediately after birth.
Swim up test
A laboratory technique that is used to separate motile sperm from non motile
sperm.
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